Oesophageal Reflux (Heart Burn):

What causes reflux ?

At the top of the stomach a muscular valve (sphincter) allows food to go down, but prevents the stomach contents returning up into the oesophagus (gullet). If this valve isn't working properly stomach acid returns into the oesophagus - this is called reflux.

What are the symptoms ?

Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest) - most common symptom, especially after meals.
Regurgitation (food/acid coming back up into the mouth).
Difficulty swallowing food.
Chest pain.
Coughing and wheezing.

People with severe reflux may experience the following:

Regurgitation of stomach fluid into the mouth, particularly when bending.
Food occasionally sticking in the lower end of the oesophagus.
A burning pain on swallowing, usually with hot fluids.

A small number of people have severe chest pain brought on by reflux. This pain can be mistaken for a heart attack.

Some symptoms may be caused by a more serious problem and we advise you see your doctor if you experience any of the following:

Heartburn for the first time and you are over 40 years old.
Difficult or painful swallowing.
Unexplained weight loss.
Choking attacks.
Vomiting blood.

Tests for reflux:

Once your doctor has confirmed you have oesophageal reflux, further hospital tests may be recommended in the form of an endoscopy (or gastroscopy).

This test involves a small, flexible telescope being passed from your mouth down to your stomach and can accurately detect any subtle changes.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Your doctor will discuss your eating habits. How you eat can make a BIG difference and your doctor may suggest simple changes such as the following:

Have small, frequent meals
Eat slowly and chew food properly
Avoid large meals at night
Reduce your fat intake - ie, eat less chocolate & fried food and try to choose low-fat dairy produce
Cut down on spices, onions, coffee and fizzy drinks

Antacids, which may be bought over the counter from the pharmacy, are widely used for instant relief of heartburn and work well for mild, infrequent symptoms. If you need to take antacids every day, we recommend you discuss this with your doctor in order to prevent more serious problems arising.

Lifestyle Tips:

Raise the head of your bed with books/bricks to approx 10 cm to stop reflux at night.
Reduce your alcohol intake and avoid drinking alcohol on an empty stomach.
Stop smoking.
Exercise every day.
Lose weight, if necessary.

Stress doesn't cause reflux, but it can make your symptoms seem worse.

Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice or substituted for professional advice. Always consult your doctor with your questions and concerns.